This IELTS Reading post focuses on all the solutions for IELTS Cambridge 14 Reading Test 1 Passage 3 which is entitled ‘Motivational factors and the hospitality industry’. This is an aimed post for candidates who have big difficulties in finding Reading Answers. This post can direct you the best to comprehend every Reading answer easily. Finding IELTS Reading answers is a gradual process and I hope this post can help you in this respect.
IELTS Cambridge 14 Test 1: AC Reading Module
Reading Passage 3:
The headline of the passage: Motivational factors and the hospitality industry
Questions 27-31 (Matching names of people with their ideas or statements)
[The rules for finding answers to this sort of question are simple. Just find the name of the person and read around it carefully . Then, give a quick look to check whether there is another statement or idea provided by the same person in the text. If there is, check the reference carefully and decide your answer. Remember, the questions will not follow any sequential order. Do the reverse method when the statements are in questions]
Question 27: Hotel managers need to know what would encourage good staff to remain.
Keywords for this question: hotel managers, need to know, encourage, staff, remain
The answer is in paragraph no. 9, first and last lines. Research done by Enz and Siguaw in 2000 concludes that, “. .. It is essential for hotel management to develop HRM practices that enable them to inspire and retain competent employees.” . .. .. . .. “This implies that it is beneficial for hotels managers to understand what practices are most favourable toincrease employee satisfaction and retention.”
Here, inspire = encourage, retention = staff to remain
So, the answer is: E (Enz and Siguaw)
Question 28: The actions of managers may make staff feel they shouldn’t move to a different employer.
Keywords for this question: actions, make staff feel, shouldn’t move, different employer
The answer is found in paragraph no. 5, in the very first lines. “Ng and Sorensen (2008) demonstrated that when managers provide recognition to employees, motivate employees to work together, and remove obstacles preventing effective performance, employees feel more obligated to stay with the company.”
Here, employees feel more obligated to stay with the company = staff feel they shouldn’t move to a different employer
So, the answer is: D (Ng and Sorensen)
Question 29: Little is done in the hospitality industry to help workers improve their skills.
Keywords for this question: little, done, hospitality, help workers, imporve skills
This answer can be traced in paragraph no. 4, at the very beginning. “Lucas also points out that ‘the substance of HRM practices does not appear to be designed to foster constructive relations with employees or to represent a management approach that enables developing and drawing out the full potential of people, . .. .”
The lines suggest that such HRM practices does very little (or nothing) to help the employees hone (sharpen or improve) their full potential (skills).
So, the answer is: B (Lucas)
Question 30: Staff are less likely to change jobs if cooperation is encouraged.
Keywords for this question: staff, less likely, change jobs, cooperation, encouraged
Again, the answer is found in paragraph no. 5, in the very first lines. “Ng and Sorensen (2008) demonstrated that when managers provide recognition to employees, motivate employees to work together, and remove obstacles preventing effective performance, employees feel more obligated to stay with the company.”
Here, recognition to employees, motivate employees to work together, and remove obstacles preventing effective performance, all these mean cooperation which are encourages by managers.
Also, employees feel more obligated to stay with the company = staff are less likely to change jobs
So, the answer is: D (Ng and Sorensen)
Question 31: Dissatisfaction with pay is not the only reason why hospitality workers change jobs.
Keywords for this question: Dissatisfaction, pay, not, only reason, hospitality workers change jobs
In paragraph 9 (last lines) and paragraph 10 (first lines) we find the research result found by Maroudas et al. (et al.is a latin phrase which means and others.).
In paragraph no. 9 the writer mentions the statement of Maroudas and others, “as achievement and recognition. When these factors are unfavourable, job dissatisfaction may result. Significantly, though, just fulfilling these needs does not result in satisfaction,but only in the reduction of dissatisfaction.”
Then, in paragraph no. 10, there is another remark by Maroudas and others. “Employees also have intrinsic motivation needs or motivators, which include such factors as achievement and recognition. Unlike extrinsic factors, motivator factors may ideally result in job satisfaction.”
These lines suggest that job dissatisfaction does not come only from pay, rather it may arise from other factors such as achievement and recognition.
So, the answer is: C (Maroudas et al.)
Questions 32-35 (YES, NO, NOT GIVEN)
In this type of question, candidates are asked to find out whether:
The statement in the question matches the claims of the writer – YES
The statement in the question contradicts the claims of the writer – NO
It is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this – NOT GIVEN
[For this type of question, you can divide each statement into three independent pieces and make your way through with the answer.]
Question 32: One reason for high staff turnover in the hospitality industry is poor morale.
Keywords for this question: high staff turnover, poor morale
The answer is found in paragraph no. 4, lines 4-7. The writer gives account of the research done by Maroudas and others (2008). The lines say, “In addition, or maybe as a result, high employee turnover has been a recurring problem throughout the hospitality industry. Among the many cited reasons are low compensation, inadequate benefits, poor working conditions and compromised employee morale and attitudes.”
So, the answer is: YES
Question 33: Research has shown that staff have a tendency to dislike their workplace.
Keywords for this question: staff, have, tendency, dislike, workplace
The answer can be found in the beginning of paragraph no. 6. The writer gives account of the research done by Spector and others in 2000. “While it seems likely that employees’ reactions to their job characteristics could be affected by a predisposition to view their work environment negatively, no evidence exists to support this hypothesis.” So, the lines clarify the point that there is no proof (no evidence exists to support this hypothesis) that workers view their workplace negatively. The information contradicts with the given question.
So, the answer is: NO
Question 34: An improvement in working conditions and job security makes staff satisfied with their jobs.
Keywords for this question: improvement, working conditions, job security, satisfied
In paragraph 9, the writer gives reference to Herzberg (1966) who showed that when factors like working conditions and job security “… are unfavourable, job dissatisfaction may result.”. Then the writer provides the findings of Maroudas and other, 2008. “Significantly, though, just filling these needs does not result in satisfaction, but only . . .. …” So, the lines are contradictory to question. Improving working conditions and job security does not make staff satisfied with their jobs.
So, the answer is: NO
Question 35: Staff should be allowed to choose when they take breaks during the working day.
Keywords for this question: should be allowed, choose, take breaks,
There is NO INFORMATION regarding taking breaks during the working days in this passage.
So, the answer is: NOT GIVEN
Questions 36-40 (Completing summary with ONE WORD ONLY):
[In this type of question, candidates are asked to ONE WORD ONLY to complete a summary on the given topic. For this type of question, first, skim the passage to find the keywords in the paragraph concerned with the answer, and then scan to find the exact word/words.]
Title of the summary: Fun at Work
Question 36: Tews, Michel and Stafford carried out research on staff in an American chain of ____________.
Keywords for this question: Tews, Michel and Stafford, American chain
The answer can be found in paragraph no. 11 where we find the names Tews, Michel and Stafford. Look at lines 1-3, “For example, Tews, Michel, and Stafford (2013) conducted a study focusing on staff from a chain of themed restaurants in the United States.
So, the answer is: restaurants
Question 37: They discovered that activities designed for staff to have fun improved their ___________,
Keywords for this question: activities designed for staff, have fun, improved
We can find the answer in paragraph no. 11. In line no.3 the writer says, “ It was found that fun activities had a favourable impact on performance . . .. .”
So, the answer is: performance
Question 38: and that management involvement led to lower staff ___________.
Keywords for this question: management involvement, lower
Again, this answer can be found be in paragraph no. 11. In line no. 4, the author says, “. . .. and manager support for fun had a favourable impact in reducing turnover.” Here, reducing = lower
So, the answer is: turnover
Questions 39 and 40: They also found that the activities needed to fit with both the company’s ____________ and the _______________ of the staff.
Keywords for this question: activities, needed to fit with both, company’s
The answers are in lines 4-6 of paragraph no. 11. The writer says, “Their findings support the view that fun may indeed have a beneficial effect, but the framing of that fun must be carefully aligned with both organizational goals and employee characteristics.”
Here, activities needed to fit with = must be carefully aligned with, company = organization, staff = employee.
So, the answers are:
- goals
- characteristics
Click here for solutions to Cambridge 14 Test 1 Reading passage 1
Click here for solutions to Cambridge 14 Test 1 Reading passage 2
